(FLINT, Mich.) — Their childhood memories are still vivid: warnings against drinking or cooking with tap water, enduring long lines for cases of water, washing from buckets filled with heated, bottled water. And for some, stomach aches, skin rashes and hair loss.
Ten years ago in Flint — April 25, 2014 — city and state environmental officials raised celebratory glasses as the mayor pressed a button to stop the flow of Lake Huron water supplied by Detroit for almost half a century. That set in motion a lead and bacteria public health crisis from which the city has not fully recovered.
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But dozens of children of the water crisis — now teenagers and young adults — have turned their trauma into advocacy. They provide input on public health initiatives, participate in social issue campaigns, distribute filters and provide free water testing for homeowners.
They know that Flint is a place that still struggles. The population has fallen by some 20,000 in the past decade, leaving abandoned houses as targets for arsonists. Almost 70% of children live in poverty, and many struggle in school. Although the water has been declared safe to drink, distrust runs deep, and hundreds of lead water pipes remain in the ground because homeowners were allowed to opt out of replacing them.
But the young activists say they want to help make a difference and change how their city is perceived by outsiders. And they want to defy expectations.
“One of the biggest issues about growing up in Flint is that people had already decided and predetermined who we were,” said 22-year-old Cruz Duhart, a member of the Flint Public Health Youth Academy.
“They had ideas about our IQ, about behavioral things, but they never really stopped to speak to us and how we thought about it and the type of traumas that we were going through.”
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It’s always been easiest for 16-year-old Sima Gutierrez to express herself through art. Drawings, paintings and wire sculptures decorate her family’s tidy bungalow.
Now the self-described “very shy” teen who rarely spoke up for fear nobody wanted to hear what she had to say collects water samples in people’s homes and takes them to the Flint Community Water Lab, where more than 60 high school and college interns have provided free testing for thousands of residents since 2020.
She helped plan public awareness campaigns about topics like gun violence and how racism affects public health as a member of the Flint Public Health Youth Academy.
“I wanted to be surrounded by people who weren’t going to cover up the whole fact that people are still having problems,” said Sima. “I was able to … share my life (with) anybody else who’s going through what I’m going through.”
It was a decade ago that she complained her stomach hurt when she drank water. Her mom insisted it would help Sima’s body flush out medication she took for an autoimmune disorder that was causing her hair to fall out in patches and leaving her skin with light splotches.
Residents had begun reporting skin rashes and complaining about discolored, smelly and foul-tasting water soon after the city began drawing from the Flint River to save money, until it could hook into a new Lake Huron pipeline. But they were assured everything was fine.
Sima said she wasn’t aware of problems until one of her elementary school classmates, Mari Copeny — then a 7-year-old beauty pageant winner known as Little Miss Flint — began protesting. Mari became the face of the crisis, and continues to highlight environmental justice issues to almost 200,000 Instagram followers and to raise money, including for water filters that she gives out in communities across the U.S.
“I want to keep on using my voice to spread awareness about the Flint water crisis because it’s not just Flint that has a water crisis,” Mari said. “America has a water crisis.”
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Almost a year and a half after Flint made its switch, residents frustrated with the water quality reached out to an expert who then found high lead levels caused by the city’s failure to add chemicals that prevent pipe corrosion. State officials had said these were unnecessary. Around that same time, a pediatrician discovered that levels in kids’ blood had doubled after the switch.
Outbreaks of Legionnaire’s disease, including a dozen deaths, ultimately were also linked, in part, to the city’s water supply.
Flint reconnected to its old water line shortly afterward, but pipes continued to release lead. The state provided residents filters and bottled water.
Lead is a potent neurotoxin that can damage children’s brains and nervous systems and affect learning, behavior, hearing and speech. There is no safe childhood exposure level and problems can manifest years later.
Data collected over a decade now show that children in Flint have higher rates of ADHD, behavioral and mental health problems and more difficulty learning than children assessed before the water crisis, said Dr. Mona Hanna-Attisha, the pediatrician who first flagged rising lead levels in Flint kids’ blood. She said other issues, including nutrition, poverty, unemployment and systemic inequalities also could be factors.
Sima and three of her sisters were found to have elevated lead levels and have since been diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder; Sima also has a learning difficulty.
“I felt responsible for forcing my child to drink something that was hurting her so bad, and I didn’t believe her,” said her mother, Jessica Gutierrez, who works as a public health advocate for hospitals and nonprofits and fears for her daughters’ long-term health.
Guilt and anxiety are “part of the trauma of the crisis,” Hanna-Attisha said.
That’s why it’s important for kids from Flint to feel they’re being heard, to be part of the solutions, she said. For example, the Flint Youth Justice League, an advisory board to her Pediatric Public Health Initiative, has offered suggestions on programs that include prescribing fresh fruits and vegetables, reducing poverty and connecting residents to public services.
“Our young people are amazing,” said Hanna-Attisha. “They are not okay with the status quo and they are demanding that we do better for them and for generations to come.”
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Asia Donald remembers feeling helpless and bewildered when her little sister developed rashes and her mom boiled pot after pot of bottled water for baths.
But just a couple years later, she was talking to kids from Newark, New Jersey, guiding them through their own lead-in-water crisis. Over Zoom meetings, the kids from Flint explained parts per billion, how to test water for lead and how they had coped with fear.
“They felt the exact same way that I felt when I was … going through it,” said Asia, 20, now an aspiring accountant and one of 18 interns at the Flint Public Health Youth Academy.
They’re paid a monthly stipend to run the academy — writing grants, creating budgets, analyzing data, conducting focus groups and creating public awareness campaigns. They have a biweekly talk show on YouTube, where they’ve discussed everything from mental health to COVID.
Last summer, they planned and hosted a summer camp for dozens of kids that focused on gun violence and school shootings. This year, together with the Community Foundation of Greater Flint, they’re coordinating a youth summit on community violence.
Dr. Kent Key, a public health researcher with the Michigan State University College of Human Medicine in Flint, started the academy after studying health disparities in the Black community as part of his doctoral dissertation.
He wanted to introduce Black kids to potential health careers, but also felt like “everyone had written Flint youth off because of the impacts of lead.” So he gave them more than a voice, he said. He gave them control.
“I did not want (the water crisis) to be a sentence of doom and gloom for youth,” he said. “ I wanted it to be a catapult … to launch the next generation of public health professionals.”
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Dionna Brown, who was 14 when the water crisis began, became interested in advocacy after taking a class on environmental inequality at Howard University. Now she’s planning her life around it — completing a master’s degree in sociology from Wayne State University with plans to become an environmental justice attorney.
She’s also national director of the youth environmental justice program at Young, Gifted & Green, formerly called Black Millennials for Flint and founded by advocates from Washington to support Flint after the crisis.
Brown holds a two-week summer environmental justice camp in Flint every year to teach teens about issues such as policy, climate justice, sustainability and housing disparities. She also works with kids in Baltimore and Memphis.
She said the water crisis made Flint kids resilient.
“I tell people all the time: I’m a child of the Flint water crisis,” said Brown. “I love my city. And we put the world on notice that you cannot just poison a city and we’ll forget about it.”
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Associated Press video journalist Mike Householder contributed to this story.